Information for patients
The nervous system consists of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves that control muscles and transmit sensations. Generally, the nervous system is well protected from external influences by the surrounding skull and vertebrae as well as the immune system. However, viruses, bacteria, or parasites can sometimes bypass the immune system and cause an infection in the nervous system. Examples include meningitis (inflammation of the brain's membranes), neuroborreliosis (Lyme disease), a brain abscess, or viral encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Diseases like AIDS or syphilis can also cause inflammation and damage to the brain and nerves. Additionally, tropical diseases such as rabies, malaria, and West Nile fever can all lead to infections of the nervous system.
In an inflammatory disease, the nervous system is damaged due to a malfunctioning immune system. The body's defense mechanism (inflammation) is not directed against a bacteria or virus but against a part of its own body. Examples include neurosarcoidosis or Sjögren's syndrome.
Spontaneous intracranial hypotension occurs when cerebrospinal fluid leaks out of the meninges, possibly through a tear or a connection to a blood vessel. If the cerebrospinal fluid pressure becomes too low, it may cause the brain to sag downwards. Typically, patients experience positional headaches. They may also experience complaints of hearing and vision.
